Benefits Of Sfp+ Transceiver And Dwdm

One of the main benefits of fiber optic transceiver  is that it offers a large number of ports per card for a 10-Gbit/sec light transceiver unit. Considering thermal factors, each one of the board would provide maximum ports. In comparison to Gigabit optical Ethernet transceiver module, this transceiver module offers higher port density.
The next advantage of using the SFP+ transceiver is its potential for reducing costs without affecting relative performance. It offers cost reduction due to two factors. The first is the smaller area that eliminates the need for more amount of costly silicon, and the second is that the basic design helps reduce costs of production. Thus, one can have an inexpensive but high-end GB Ethernet transceiver. In fact, the costs are even lower than X2, XFP and XENPAK.
These Transceivers have more compact form compared to XFP and X2, and they can be connected directly with similar type X2, XFP,1000BASE-T SFP module and XENPAK. The transceiver complies with the protocols SFF-8432, SFF-8431 and IEEE802.3ae, and it is a mainstream design.
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing or DWDM technology is used for increasing fiber optics capacity resulting in faster data transfers. It would take multiple signals and transmits them forward at different wavelengths concurrently through one fiber. This helps in making the most out of a single fiber, transforming it virtually into several fibers. Currently, the fastest data transmission from the technology has been found to be 400 GB per second.
It can be used for sending 80 wavelengths simultaneously. This means that the technology can be used for converting 1 GB per second capacity into 80 GB per second transmission.
The faster data transfer capabilities of DWDM offer benefits for SONET, ATM and IP transfers. This would help computer systems to operate networks faster and better, overall. This growth in efficiency helps increase data transmission speed at a dramatic level.
The next advantage of the technology is that it avoids the need for laying new fiber because it can help make the most out of the existing fiber. Due to this reason, the technology is not just more convenient but more financially beneficial because laying down new fiber can dramatically increase the costs.
The development of the technology has helped dramatically increase transmission capacity. it is helpful in increasing wavelengths by 2 to 3 times by suppliers. There is no need for improving or restoring the fibers already laid down because it is possible to upgrade links simply through upgrading or reorganizing.

The DWDM fiber network delivers the essential infrastructure required for supporting current and future technologies by offering unlimited bandwidth capacity. The integrated resources offered would help in meeting the ever-increasing telecommunication needs. Thus, the new technologies in the form of the Transceivers and higher-capacity fiber networks enable the telecommunications and other industries to keep up with the ever-increasing demands.

SFP Transceiver Module Troubleshooting

SFP transceiver is a compact, hot-pluggable transceiver module used for both telecommunication and data communications applications. With the increasing high speed data transmission demands of people, products, such as SFP+, CFP and QSFP/QSFP+ etc. have shared the market. Nonetheless, SFPs have still played an important role in telecommunication and data communication.

As a widely and commonly used component in data transmission, due to the incorrect operation or other factors, it is hard to avoid facing the faults in using SFP, and sometimes even result in a bad situation and heavy loss. This paper will help you to diagnose the SFP problems (take cisco sfp h10gb cu1m  for example) and give some resolution tips. I hope it would be acted as a learning tool and a reference source for both new and experienced technicians who work in this field.

To diagnose SFP problems, you can get statistics from the browser interface, the CLI (Command Line Interface) or an SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) workstation. The most common SFP problems include these aspects:

• Poor performance
• No connectivity
• Corrupted software

Poor Performance (or Excessive Errors) Possible Cause: The possible causes of this problem include that cabling distance is exceeded or port statistics show excessive frame check sequence (FCS), late-collision, or alignment errors. Resolution:

• Reduce the cable length to within the recommended distances.
• See your SFP module documentation for cabling guidelines.

No connectivity Possible Cause: This problem is more likely related to cabling. Using incorrect or bad cable, or incorrect cable wiring, or STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) checking for possible loops may probably lead to this problem. Resolution:

• Verify the pinouts are correct for the proper application of cables.
• Replace the cable with a tested good cable.
• Wait 30 seconds for the port LED to turn green.

Corrupted software The corrupted software here we mentioned include the following three situations. 1.The port is placed in error-disabled state after SFP is inserted. Possible Cause: This problem is usually caused by bad or non-Cisco-approved SFP module(ie. the incompatible SFP). Resolution: Remove the SFP module from the switch and replace it with a Cisco-approved module. Use the irrdisable recovery cause GBIC-invalid global configuration command to verify the port status, and enter a time interval to recover from the error-disable state. The best advice is to use the Cisco original SFP or 100%  compatible SFP (If you decide to use a third-party SFP, please ensure that your supplier is assured) that is adapted to the switch.

2.Device does not recognize the SFP module. Possible Cause: This problem is generally related to the qsfp 4x10g aoc7m  installation. Situations, such as SFP is installed upside dowm or does not snap into the slot can cause this problem. Resolution:

• Verify that the SFP module is not installed upside down.
• Remove the SFP module. Inspect for physical damage to the connector, the module, and the module slot.
• Replace the SFP module with a known good SFP module.

3.Excessive errors found in port statistics. Possible Cause: Bad adapter in attached device or STP checking for possible loops can cause this problem. Resolution: Run adapter card diagnostic utility and wait 30 seconds for the port LED to turn green.

Some common error message of Cisco Switch When Using With SFP Module Error Message: Transceiver module inserted in port Explanation: The online insertion and removal (OIR) facility detected a newly inserted transceiver module for the interface specified in the error message.

Error Message: INIT_FAILURE: Detected for transceiver module in port, module disabled Explanation:An initialization failure occurred for the transceiver module for the interface specified in the error message. This condition could be caused by software, firmware, or hardware problem. As a result of the error, the module is disabled.

Recommended Action: Try reseating the module. Hardware replacement should not occur first occurrence. Before requesting hardware replacement, review troubleshooting logs with a technical support representative.

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Error Message: NOT_IDENTIFIED: Detected for transceiver module in %s, module disabled Explanation: The transceiver module for the interface specified in the error message could not be identified and may not be compatible with the interface. The transceiver module specified in the error message contains a transceiver code which could not be correctly interpreted. As a result of the error, the module is disabled.

Recommended Action: Replace the module with a compatible transceiver.

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Error Message: UNSUPPORTED-TRANCEIVER: Unsupported SFP transceiver found on board. Warranty/support may void Explanation: The transceiver module for the interface specified in the error message is not a Cisco supported module. As a result of the error, the module is disabled. When Cisco determines that a fault or defect can be traced to the use of third-party transceivers installed by a customer or reseller, then, at Cisco's discretion, Cisco may withhold support under warranty or a Cisco support program. In the course of providing support for a Cisco networking product Cisco might require that the end user install Cisco transceivers if Cisco determines that removing third-party parts will assist Cisco in diagnosing the cause of a support issue. Recommended Action: None.

Title Tips For Fiber Optic Transceiver Installation

Common Faults Caused by Incorrect Installation

1. Contamination
The most common source of contaminants in the optical bores is debris picked up on the ferrules of the optical connectors. Using an alcohol swab or lint-free absorbent wipes to clean the ferrules of the opticall connector is very necessary. Figure 1 shows the comparison between a normal fiber optic transceiver and a contaminated transceiver. Figure 1 and figure 2 in the following show us the common case of this situation. You can clearly see the white contamination with naked eyes through the comparison of the normal and fault transceiver in figure 1 while figure 2 shows us the phenomenon that the ferrule of optical connectors in the ends of fiber patch cord breaks in the port and make the module fault.

Figure 1. The comparison of the normal and fault transceiver

figure 2. The ferrule of optical connectors is broken in the module

In addition, using contaminated fiber patch cord or shoddy fiber patch cord, eventually leads the port of sfp transceiver to be contaminated.

• The unpolished ferrule of non-standard fiber optic connectors in the patch cord end will damage the transceiver modules, as the figure 3 shows.
• Connectors of fiber optic patch cord are full of dust due to the long time unuse and unprotection so that leads the transceiver module ports to be contaminated.
• Using damaged fiber patch cord easily damage the transceiver modules.

Figure 3. Ferrule of fiber optic connector

2. Absence of Conductive Metal
In general, the conductive metal are of a normal and good quality fiber optic transceiver module is glossy. Look at the figure 4, they are both the faulty modules. The left one is lack of conductive metal, while the right is old and not glossy.

Figure 4. Absence of conductive metal

3. The Fiber Transceiver Module Is Not Plugged Tightly, Resulting In Optical Signal Transmission Restrictions
When plugged into devices, fiber optic transceiver module must be tightly plugged and the bail clasp must be in place. Otherwise it will easily be interrupted or loosed when there are vibration and impact on the device. The figure 5 shows us the wrong insert-mode.

Figure 5. Wrong insert-mode

Tips For Proper Installation

1. Careful Check Before Installation

• Check the conductive metal. A good copper transceiver module  usually looks bright, neat (Figure 6)
• Check the bail clasp whether damaged. A damaged bail clasp can easily lead to optical modules in the switch. (Figure 7)
• Check the port surface. A good module end is clean. (Figure 8)

Figure 6. Conductive metal of a good transceiver module

Figure 7. Comparison of good bail clasp and damaged bail clasp

Figure 8. A clean port surface

2. How To Install The Fiber Optic Transceiver Into A Device

• Remove the dust plug from the slot chosen for the transceiver.
• Slide the transceiver in the slot until it clicks into place
• Remove the dust plug from the transceiver

Note: Do not remove the dust plug from the transceiver slot if you are not installing the transceiver at this time. The dust plug protects the line card from dust contamination. The dust plug protects the fiber optic port on the transceiver from dust contamination. It should not be removed until you are ready to connect the fiber optic cable.

3. Installation & Removal Of Fiber Optic Patch Cord

• Ensure the bail clasp into place before inserting the fiber optic patch cord
• When you insert a fiber optic patch cord, you can hear slight sound “pop” or feel a slight vibration. Check whether it is into place after you plug it into the device. If it can not be removed that means it is installed into place.(Figure 9)

Figure 9. Fiber optic cord Installation

Note: The connector of fiber optic patch cord must install dust caps before plugging into the module. Otherwise it will easily lead to optical modules to be contaminated when it connect to the module. (Figure 10)

Figure 10. Connector of fiber optic patch cord must install dust caps when it is unused

In addition, when you need to remove the 10gbase sr sfp module, you should remove the fiber patch cord first. To be remembered, you should not remove the modules until removing the bail clasp. The correct way to remove module is to loose the bail clasp first and then remove the module through pulling the bail clasp. (Figure 11-12)

Figure 11. Removal of fiber optic patch cord

Figure 12. Removal of fiber optic transceiver module

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